The Global Egyptian Museum

Tijdens het Oude Rijk werden in het graf beeldjes meegegeven die als dienaren moesten functioneren voor de dode en die de dode moesten voorzien van levensmiddelen. Dit is waarschijnlijk de niet gewelddadige voortzetting van een traditie uit de prehistorie toen de dienaren hun meester lijfelijk in het graf moesten volgen, zoals dit ook bekend is in andere vroege culturen. Parallel aan deze beeldjes bevinden zich in het graf de wandreliëfs die eveneens de verzorging van de dode dienen. Beiden zijn voor de wetenschap belangrijk wegens hun cultuurhistorische details. Dit beeldje toont een knielende vrouw die over een ovale afgeschuinde molensteen gebukt is. Met beide handen houdt ze een cilindervormige steen vast waarmee ze moeizaam het graan tot kaf en meel wrijft. De dienares heft het hoofd op en kijkt voor zich uit. Haar haar is in een doek gewikkeld dat in de nek geknoopt is. <BR>Het beeldje komt uit een bescheiden en relatief late mastaba wiens kamers toch een rijke vondst bevatten. Naast tien beelden van de dode en zijn vrouw (waarvan vier nu in Wenen) waren er ook beelden van twee dienaren die bier brouwen en een bakker met zijn oven.

During the Old Kingdom, statuettes were sometimes placed in the tomb to act as servants taking care of food production for the deceased in the hereafter. This is presumably a nonviolent continuation of a custom from predynastic times, when the actual servants of the deceased were to follow their master into the grave. This custom is also known from other early cultures. The statues function alongside the wall reliefs of the tomb which represent providing for the deceased. Both are of great value to scholarship because they preserve details of a cultural-historical nature for us. The present sculpture represents a kneeling female who is stooping over an sloping oval-shaped millstone. She is holding the cylindrical grinding stone with both hands while strenuously grinding the corn into chaff and flour. The servant has raised her head and is looking straight ahead. Her hair is covered by a cloth which has been tied at the neck. The statuette was found in a humble and relatively late mastaba which nevertheless yielded rich finds. The tomb contained ten statues of the deceased and his wife, four of which are now in Vienna, as well as two servant statues depicting the brewing of beer and one of a baker working at an oven.

Pendant l'Ancien Empire, on plaçait dans la tombe des statuettes qui devaient être les serviteurs du défunt dans l'au-delà. Ceci constitue probablement la continuation non violente d'une tradition préhistorique quand les serviteurs suivaient effectivement leur maître dans la tombe. Parallèlement aux statuettes, les reliefs dans la tombe pourvoyaient également le défunt de nourriture. Ces deux expressions sont très importantes pour la histoire des civilisations à cause de leurs détails. La statuette montre une femme agenouillée qui tient dans les mains une pierre cylindrique qui sert à broyer le grain sur une plaque ovale. La servante lève la tête et regarde droit devant elle. Ses cheveux sont enveloppés dans un tissu noué dans le cou. La statuette provient d'un mastaba modeste tardif dont les chambres contenaient un petit trésor. A côté de dix statues du défunt et de sa femme (dont quatre se trouvent actuellement à Vienne), la tombe contenait également deux brasseurs et un boulanger avec son four.

Le sepolture egizie dell'Antico Regno venivano provviste di statuette, che dovevano garantire nell'aldilà, in qualità di servitù, l'approviggionamento del defunto con derrate alimentari. Questa è probabilmente la continuazione incruenta di un uso predinastico, secondo cui la servitù doveva seguire fisicamente il defunto nella tomba, uso che è noto anche in altre culture arcaiche. Parallelamente a queste statuette, le scene dei rilievi murali dovevano provvedere all'approvvigionamento del defunto. Ambedue sono di grande valore scientifico, poiché ci trasmettono chiaramente molti dettagli storico-culturali. La scultura qui rappresentata mostra una figura femminile inginocchiata, che è china su una mola ovale, tagliata obliquamente sul davanti. Ella muove con ambedue le mani una pietra cilindrica, che serve a sminuzzare i cereali in piccoli granuli e farina. La servitrice ha la testa sollevata e guarda diritto dinanzi a sé. I capelli sono avvolti in un fazzoletto annodato sulla nuca. La statuetta proviene da una mastaba privata tarda, le cui camere contenevano una grande varietà di oggetti funerari; oltre a dieci statue del defunto e di sua moglie (di cui quattro sono a Vienna), la tomba ha rivelato anche le statuette di due birrai e di un fornaio con il suo forno.

Durante o Império Antigo, eram por vezes colocadas estatuetas no túmulo para agirem como servos, tomando conta da produç&atilde;o de comida para o defunto no Além. Isto é presumivelmente a continuaç&atilde;o de um costume de tempos pré-históricos, quando era suposto os servos seguirem o seu senhor na sepultura. Este costume é também conhecido de outras culturas desse período. As estátuas funcionam em conjuntos com as pinturas murais dos túmulos que representam as provis&otilde;es para os defuntos. Ambos s&atilde;o de grande valor pois fornecem-nos pormenores histórico-culturais. A presente escultura representa uma mulher ajoelhada que mói sobre um polidor. Segura uma pedra de moer cilíndrica com ambas as m&atilde;os enquanto mói vigorosamente o cereal. A serva levantou a cabeça e olha em frente. O seu cabelo está coberto por um pano que está atado ao pescoço. A estatueta foi encontrada numa humilde mastaba relativamente tardia que mesmo assim forneceu ricos achados. O túmulo continha dez estátuas do defunto e da sua mulher, quatro das quais se encontram agora em Viena, tal como duas estátuas de servos a fazer cerveja e um a fazer p&atilde;o.

Durante el Imperio Antiguo se colocaban en la tumba estatuillas que debían ser los servidores del difunto en el Más Allá. Probablemente se trate de la continuación incruenta de una tradición prehistórica en la que los servidores textualmente seguían a su señor a la tumba. Paralelamente a las estatuas, los relieves también proporcionaban alimento al difunto. Estas dos representaciones son importantes para la historia de la civilización debido a su detalle. La estatuilla representa a una mujer arrodillada que sujeta en su mano una piedra cilíndrica que sirve para moler el grano sobre un placa ovalada. La sirvienta levanta la cabeza y mira frente a ella; sus cabellos están envueltos por una tela anudada al cuello. La estatuilla proviene de una mastaba módica tardía cuyas habitaciones sin embargo contenían un pequeño tesoro. Además de diez estatuas del difunto y de su esposa (de las que cuatro se conservan en Viena), la tumba contenía dos cerveceros y un panadero con su horno.

During the Old Kingdom, statuettes were sometimes placed in the tomb to act as servants taking care of food production for the deceased in the hereafter. This is presumably a nonviolent continuation of a custom from predynastic times, when the actual servants of the deceased were to follow their master into the grave. This custom is also known from other early cultures. The statues function alongside the wall reliefs of the tomb which represent providing for the deceased. Both are of great value to scholarship because they preserve details of a cultural-historical nature for us. The present sculpture represents a kneeling female who is stooping over an sloping oval-shaped millstone. She is holding the cylindrical grinding stone with both hands while strenuously grinding the corn into chaff and flour. The servant has raised her head and is looking straight ahead. Her hair is covered by a cloth which has been tied at the neck. The statuette was found in a humble and relatively late mastaba which nevertheless yielded rich finds. The tomb contained ten statues of the deceased and his wife, four of which are now in Vienna, as well as two servant statues depicting the brewing of beer and one of a baker working at an oven.

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