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Äußerer Sarg des Peduamun, eines Matrosen der Barke des Amun und Chefsteuermann der Barke des Amun, Sohn von Taditanebthenen und Thatienwenzu. Unter dem Pektoral auf dem Sarg sind Darstellungen eines Hippocampus oder Seepferdchens zu sehen; vor einem kniet Isis und vor einem anderen Nephthys. Darunter verläuft ein breites waagerechtes Register, in dem die Wägung des Herzens des Verstorbenen vor dem von Anubis, Maat und Thoth begleiteten Osiris dargestellt ist. Die untere Hälfte des Sarges wird von fünfundzwanzig Textkolumnen eingenommen, die dem Kapitel 125 des Totenbuches, dem ''Negativen Bekenntnis'', entnommen sind. Die Innnenseiten der unteren Hälfte des Sarges sind ebenfalls dekoriert; am Kopfende mit der Figur eines knienden Gottes, der die Sonnenbarke trägt. Zu beiden Seiten befindet sich ein Udjat-Auge. Darunter sitzen zwei nach innen blickende Ba-Vögel, die ihre Arme der Sonnenscheibe entgegenstrecken, die sich auf einem Hörnerpaar niedergelassen hat. Die Hörner bilden den oberen Abschluß eines großen Djed-Pfeilers, der die gesamte Länge des Sarges einnimmt und Geißel und Krummstab hält. Die Seiten sind mit verschiedenen Gottheiten verziert.
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De buitenste kist van Padiamon, bootsman van de Amon-bark, overste van de navigatie van de Amon-bark, zoon van Taditanebtjenen en Tjati-enwendjoe. Onder het borstsieraad op de kist staan afbeeldingen van het zeepaard, de figuur van Isis knielt voor één ervan en Nephthys voor de andere. Hieronder volgt een diepe horizontale band die het wegen van het hart van de overledene afbeeldt voor Osiris, vergezeld van Anoebis, Maät en Thoth. Op de onderste helft van de kist staan 25 verticale tekstkolommen, afkomstig uit hoofdstuk 125 van het Dodenboek, de "negatieve confessie". De binnenkant van de onderste helft van de kist is ook gedecoreerd, met aan het hoofdeinde de figuur van een knielende god, die de zonnebark ondersteunt, en aan weerszijden een oedjat-oog. Hieronder staan twee Ba-vogels die naar binnen kijken met de armen uitgestoken naar een zonneschijf, die op een paar horens rust. De horens staan bovenop een grote djed-zuil, die over de hele lengte van de kist geschilderd is en de scepter en de kromstaf vasthoudt. De zijkanten zijn gedecoreerd met verschillende godheden.
The outer coffin of Peduamun,sailor of the bark of Amun, chief of navigation of the barque of Amun, son of Taditanebthenen and Thatienwenzu. Beneath the pectoral on the coffin are depictions of the hippocampus or seahorse, the figure of Isis kneels before one and Nephthys before the other. Underneath this is a deep horizontal band depicting the weighing of the dead man's heart before Osiris, accompanied by Anubis, Maat and Thoth. On the lower half of the coffin are twenty-five vertical columns of text, extracted from Chapter 125 of the Book of the Dead, the 'Negative Confession'. The interior of the lower half of the coffin is also decorated, at the head end is the figure of a kneeling god, supporting the solar barque, on either side is the udjat-eye. Underneath are two Ba-birds facing inwards with arms outstretched to a solar disk, which rests on a pair of horns. The horns are at the top of a large djed-pillar which extends the length of the coffin and holds the crook and flail. The sides are decorated with various deities.
Sarcophage extérieur de Pedouamon, marin de la barque d'Amon, fils de Taditanebthenen et de Thatienounzou. En dessous du pectoral sont représentées Isis et Nephthys agenouillées devant des hippocampes ou chevaux marins. Dans une large bande figure la pesée du coeur du défunt devant Osiris, accompagné d'Anubis, Maât et Thoth. La partie inférieure du sarcophage est occupée par 25 colonnes de texte, reproduisant la confession négative ou le chapitre 125 du Livre des Morts. L'intérieur de la partie inférieure du sarcophage est également décorée. A la tête un dieu agenouillé soutient la barque solaire. Il est entouré de deux yeux oudjat. En dessous, deux oiseaux-Ba élèvent les bras pour adorer un disque solaire qui repose sur une paire de cornes qui font partie d'un grand pilier-djed qui s'étend sur toute la longueur du sarcophage. Il tient le sceptre et le flagellum dans les mains. Les côtés sont décorés de diverses divinités.
Il sarcofago esterno di Peduamun, marinaio della barca di Amon, capo di navigazione della barca di Amon, figlio di Taditanebthenen e Thatienwenzu. Sotto il pettorale sul sarcofago ci sono delle raffigurazioni dell'ippocampo o cavallo marino, la figura di Iside si inginocchia dinanzi ad uno di questi e Nefti davanti a un altro. Al disotto c'è una lunga fascia orizzontale che rappresenta la pesatura del cuore del defunto dinanzi ad Osiride, accompagnato da Anubi, Maat e Thot. Sulla metà inferiore del sarcofago ci sono venticinque colonne verticali di testo, tratte dal capitolo 125 del Libro dei Morti, la 'confessione negativa'. Anche l'interno della metà inferiore del sarcofago è decorata, all'estremità della testa è la figura di un dio in ginocchio, che sorregge la barca solare, su ciascun lato è l'occhio-udjat . Al disotto ci sono due uccelli Ba affrontati con le braccia levate verso un disco solare, che posa su un paio di corna. Le corna sono in cima a un grande pilastro-djed che si estende per la lunghezza del sarcofago, e regge il pastorale e la frusta. I lati sono decorati con varie divinità.
Sarcófago exterior de Padiamon, marinheiro da barca de Amon, chefe de navegação da barca de Amon, filho de Taditanebtjenen e Tjatienuendju. Debaixo do colar no sarcófago encontram-se representações de um hipocampo ou cavalo-marinho: a figura de Ísis ajoelha-se perante um e Néftis perante a outra. Em baixo encontra-se uma banda horizontal, representando a pesagem do coração do defunto perante Osíris, acompanhado por Anúbis, Maet e Tot. Na metade inferior do sarcófago encontram-se vinte e cinco colunas verticais de texto, extraídas do capítulo 125 do "Livro dos Mortos": a chamada "confissão negativa". O interior da metade inferior do sarcófago também é decorado. Em cima encontra-se a figura de um deus ajoelhado, sustentando a barca solar. Dos dois lados encontra-se o olho-udjat. Debaixo estão dois pássaros ba, olhando para dentro, com os braços estendidos para um disco solar, o qual está apoiado num par de chifres. Os chifres estão no topo de uma grande pilar-djed, o qual se extende o comprimento do sarcófago e segura os dois ceptros. Os lados são decorados com várias divindades.
Sarcófago exterior de Peduamón, marinero de la barca de Amón, jefe de navegación de la barca de Amón, hijo de Taditanebthenen y Tchatienuensu. Debajo del pectoral representado sobre el sarcófago aparecen caballos de mar, con la figura de Isis delante de uno y Neftis delante de otro. En un registro inferior se representa la escena del pesaje del corazón del difunto ante Osiris, acompañado por Anubis, Maat y Thot. En la parte inferior del sarcófago hay veinticinco columnas de texto, extraido del Capítulo 125 del Libro de los Muertos, la 'Confesión negativa'. El interior de la parte inferior del sarcófago está también decorado. En un extremo aparece la figura de una divinidad arrodillada, sujetando la barca solar, y a cada lado el ojo-udyat. Debajo, dos pájaros-Ba miran hacia adentro con los brazos estirados hacia un disco solar que descansa sobre un par de cuernos. Los cuernos están sobre un pilar-dyed tan larga como el sarcófago, que sostiene el bastón y el látigo. Los laterales están decorados con varias divinidades.
The outer coffin of Peduamun,sailor of the bark of Amun, chief of navigation of the barque of Amun, son of Taditanebthenen and Thatienwenzu. Beneath the pectoral on the coffin are depictions of the hippocampus or seahorse, the figure of Isis kneels before one and Nephthys before the other. Underneath this is a deep horizontal band depicting the weighing of the dead man's heart before Osiris, accompanied by Anubis, Maat and Thoth. On the lower half of the coffin are twenty-five vertical columns of text, extracted from Chapter 125 of the Book of the Dead, the 'Negative Confession'. The interior of the lower half of the coffin is also decorated, at the head end is the figure of a kneeling god, supporting the solar barque, on either side is the udjat-eye. Underneath are two Ba-birds facing inwards with arms outstretched to a solar disk, which rests on a pair of horns. The horns are at the top of a large djed-pillar which extends the length of the coffin and holds the crook and flail. The sides are decorated with various deities.
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Geschichte des objektes
The mummy and two coffins of Peduamun were given to the Gloucester Museum in 1852 by Edmund Hopkinson of Edgeworth Manor. The coffins were probably brought to Britain in 1826 by James Burton, who bought them in Thebes. Hopkinson hosted the unwrapping of the mummy in September 1851, an event considered to be a great social occasion, refreshments were provided and the audience was entertained afterwards by the Cirencester band.In October of the same year the Gloucester surgeon, Mr H Rumsey, completely unwrapped the mummy and actually left one of his surgical instruments inside the skull, this was discovered when Peduamun was x-rayed in the 1960's. Gloucester Museum gave the coffins and mummy to Liverpool Museum in 1953.
Damit in verbinding stehende objekte
Fotografische Referenzen
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Bibliographie
Piotr Bienkowski and Angela Tooley., Gifts of The Nile: Ancient Egyptian Arts and Crafts in Liverpool Museum., 1995., 73; pl.113 Neil Cook., Burton's Mummy., Minerva: The International Review of Ancient Art and Archaeology., Volume 7, number 6., 1996., 26-29. L. Kakosy; The Hippocampus in Egyptian Sepulchral Art. O.V.P 10, 1987. John Ruffle; The Oxford Companion to the Decorative Arts. 1975.
Algemeiner Kommentar
The use of the hippocampus or seahorse must indicate a Greek influence, for which there is no evidence in Egypt before the XXVIth Dynasty (c.663 B.C.). There is another seahorse on the upper part of a coffin (E576) currently in the collection of the University of Liverpool, the foot board of which is broken ( now in the museum in the School of Archaeology, Classics and Oriental Studies.) dated to the Late Period, and a third painted on a piece of cartonnage (E2002), also at SACOS in the University, believed to be Ptolomaic. The University of Liverpool SACOS photograph references - E576 = Z250 a-e. E2002 = Z409 Z32 (neg.) With thanks to Miss Patricia Winker, secretary at SACOS, 14 Abercromby Square, for her kind assistance. Provenance: Bought in Thebes in 1826. Site: Bought in Thebes in 1826. Material: The coffin is made from sycamore wood and covered with painted gesso. Preservation: The lid of the inner coffin is lost. Text comment: The inscriptions are chapters from the Book of the Dead and utterances on behalf of the deceased by various deities, including Thoth, Anubis and Osiris. Disposition: The outer coffin is covered with texts.
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