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Hyksos

Hyksos.gif

The Greek version of the Egyptian 'Heka-khasut', 'Rulers of foreign lands'. This term is used to refer to a number of kings of the 15th Dynasty (2nd Intermediate Period). The first of them, in the time of the 13th and 14th Dynasties, moved into the Delta from western Asia (now usually assumed to have been peaceful settlement), and eventually were able to conquer the residence and crown themselves kings of Egypt. The title used by the Hyksos, 'King of Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt', was meaningless for they never had any influence over the majority of Upper Egypt. The residence of the Hyksos was the town of Avaris in the Delta. They probably maintained trade contacts with various countries, as evidenced by the finds of objects inscribed with their names in places as far from each other as Crete, Baghdad and Turkey. The Hyksos promoted the cult of the god Seth, whom they associated with their own rain god Baal, but also worshipped the other gods of Egypt alongside their own gods Anat and Astarte. The Semitic names of the rulers in question suggest that they originally came from Palestine. The last, and perhaps most important Hyksos king was Apophis, who bore an Egyptian name.